I don't know what is going to happen to me in the future. I hope to stay wherever God and the Life want me to stay or wherever people need me. However, I have many plans in several aspects.
Education: Maybe, this is the aspect where I have more plans at the moment.
I'm graduating from the Colombo next year, so I may look for english study opportunities in other countries such as vacation courses or exchange. Nevertheless I might not leave the country for a long time because of the study. By the way, I don't know when but I will go to U.S or England, I really want that.
It there isn't troubles I will graduate from the University in 2015, so i'm going to be an industrial enginner. After that I may begin my master degree maybe in another country too, if I get a scholarship . In fact in a far future i'm thinking about begin a doctor's degree.
Work and money: I may do my professional practices in a great factory and maybe i will be working there for a long time but i know that i'm going to work in may parents' factory. That is not very big now but i want to make it a huge factory. In a far future, After i finish my doctor's degree I may be a teacher too because i like to teach but, obviously i have to study in order to teach, too.
Although I think the money is not the most important thing in the life i'm studying in order to earn a good salary because after all the money give a better quality of life to us.
Family: This aspect it's a little more uncertain for me. I want to marry in the future. So i may look for the appropiate girl. I'll probably have two children and I wish they are a girl and a boy. The boy's name will be Sebastian. In the near future i'm going to continue living with my parents and my sister. I love them very much.
Traveling: I would like to travel around the all world and know many people and cultures but i might not have the enough money to do this and if might have i'd spend it in other things. However, I may go to U.S or England as I said above. Another country I would like to know it is Switzerland, so I may go there when I can.
I wish I can do all this plans i'm already working in a lot of them, however in the present days I'm going to enjoy my life, I'm going to stay with my family and my friends and i'm going to continue studying because i think this aspect open the doors to the others.
Santiago Ceballos Gallego
Wednesday, December 14, 2011
Story of Stuff
I just want to share this video with you. It's a present problem but it's affecting our future and the next generations future. The video is great!
Santiago Ceballos Gallego.
Monday, December 12, 2011
MY FUTURE!!!!
I don’t know anything about my future, but I have several predictions:
In education, I might study a master in environmental administration or pedagogy here o in Chile, I hope win a scholarship in the Valparaiso University ( I apply yet). I will study French or Italian next year.
Work: maybe, I will continue being a teacher and I will continue realize the project with my friends about the bioplastic company. But I like work in a petrol company (shulmberger).
Family: I will get married in one or two years, I may have one or two children and I will live in a big house.
Traveling: I want to travel all world, but special Russia, Germany, Spain and Japan.I going to go to Argentina the next year, I want know Ushuaia; it’s a small, beautiful and cold town, I like look the penguin.
My short future is work and work, this December I am working in the Colombo Americano in a ticket office and I going to dance very much.
LYLIANA MEDINA, COURSE 8 AT 6:20 AM
LYLIANA MEDINA, COURSE 8 AT 6:20 AM
STEVE TYLER
He is a rock star, he is one of the best Singers in the world, for me he is handsome, attractive man besides he is a sex symbol for women.
He is a middle-aged man
He is average height and slim.
He has fair skin; he has long wavy brown hair. His eyes are small light brown.
He has oval face and small red nose
He has big mouth and full red lips.
For me he rocks!!!!!!!!!!!
LYLIANA MEDINA-COURSE 8 AT 6:20 AM
LYLIANA MEDINA-COURSE 8 AT 6:20 AM
Sunday, December 11, 2011
Emma Watson Description
Santiago Ceballos Gallego.
Tuesday, May 10, 2011
FASHION IN THE FUTURE
I guess fashion it will be completely more different than now.
I think that people future could wear clothes or dress bio-intelligent it might be a fashion revolution and in the technology.
This bio-intelligent dress might help in the change season of the year. if probably is summer or winter the bio-intelligent dress will save the hot or cold body the human body depend the change season.
I think that people future could wear clothes or dress bio-intelligent it might be a fashion revolution and in the technology.
This bio-intelligent dress might help in the change season of the year. if probably is summer or winter the bio-intelligent dress will save the hot or cold body the human body depend the change season.
The Environment
Now days, environment is a very important aspect to pay attention, why? Because it is a topic that involves and affect all of us, I think that If we don’t pay the necessary attention for this it will bring a lot of consequences in the future, not only in the weather, also in the economic, social, cultural situation and even the costumes of almost every country, because what made easier de development and recognition of each country and city is the weather and its environment, for example the corps of fruits and vegetables that characterize each place will be the most damaged . If we don’t change our mind the days in the future will be darks, might without seeing the sun.
In the future I imagine the environment very different, very technological and with a lot of drastical changes like the production of some things and every places will look so different.. With a lot of robots coexisting with humans, technology streets and cars, and the most interesting and revolutionary invent that I guess is going to be the technology plants. 
This invent could be the most important, because it will be the solution to all the environments problems that we have in the present. It will be greener with the world, more conscious with the earth and the universe. It will give oxygen to us, and it will take apart the smoke and the injurious to the ozone layer. Also it will give a pill that gives you more energy to do your activities and at the same time make you more aware with the environment. It will be a source of energy, and from this device it will be connected different kinds of electrical of the house. Might be very expensive to buy one, but in the future the state will give this invent to every house. And in this form the environment will be better in the future.
Future will be very expensive to buy things like water, meat vegetables and that kind of natural products, thanks to the bad use of them for many years, they will be very scarce and for that reason the few products that we could find will be very expensive to get for almost all of us.
I think it is time to think about what we could do to stop this unbelievable but sure future because although it could bring a lot of technology and interesting invents, also it is going to mean a dark, dangerous and unsure future not only for human also for animals, places and all the exotic spices that we actually know.
This invent could be the most important, because it will be the solution to all the environments problems that we have in the present. It will be greener with the world, more conscious with the earth and the universe. It will give oxygen to us, and it will take apart the smoke and the injurious to the ozone layer. Also it will give a pill that gives you more energy to do your activities and at the same time make you more aware with the environment. It will be a source of energy, and from this device it will be connected different kinds of electrical of the house. Might be very expensive to buy one, but in the future the state will give this invent to every house. And in this form the environment will be better in the future.
Future will be very expensive to buy things like water, meat vegetables and that kind of natural products, thanks to the bad use of them for many years, they will be very scarce and for that reason the few products that we could find will be very expensive to get for almost all of us.
I think it is time to think about what we could do to stop this unbelievable but sure future because although it could bring a lot of technology and interesting invents, also it is going to mean a dark, dangerous and unsure future not only for human also for animals, places and all the exotic spices that we actually know.
Monday, May 9, 2011
The Future Of Fashion!!
Nobody knows how to will be fashion's future, all we imagine in the future with awesome designs, new makeup, we wearing colors like that gray, silver. besides we will use a clothing more comfortable, softer and fresher than now, because these clothes will be create with nanotechnology. the clothes that we will use in the future won´t stain with food and won´t discolor with some washes.
But I'm not just talking about clothes made with cool fabrics that retain their shapes or better resist stains, what's known as "smart clothing." We're also talking about clothes with new technology incorporated into its design, aka "wearable technology." Many companies are already blending fashion and technology in a limited way:
In these wearables, clothing sometimes is utilized as a communication device that reflects the body’s inner emotions or its impressions from the outside world.
Fashion is often at the forefront of technology usage. Often new materials and
technologies are used in textiles and
accessories when they are still too expensive
or primitive for other uses. Technology
development is accelerating quickly, so fashion designers will
have a lot of fun over the coming years. in
next decades will see the nanotechnology, biotechnology,
information technology in our clothing.
But the idea is also that we will create and wear clothing to help us preserve the planet, because eco friendly clothing is not a fad; it is a necessity for a healthy future.
So, What is the future about makeup? I think that this will be "smart makeup", check this:
The smart make-up could effectively
become a liquid crystal display. Colours can
be created by light emission, absorption, or
diffraction, just like butterfly wings. Any of
these techniques could be used in digitally
controlled make-up. So a woman might just
smear this smart make-up all over her face,
without any care about where it goes, and
then push a button. The electronics then
controls the appearance of the make-up
throughout the day, depending on where
she is, who she is with, and what she is
doing. We will have to hope that it is secure
against hackers, who could otherwise write
messages on her skin
Laura Vélez.
Fashion: the aesthetic of shocking and entertaining
By Paolo Villalba Storti
The aesthetic of our days is a complex idea because it’s something that is constantly changing, imposing different values and qualities to define it. But, it could be possible to accept that the aesthetic of our 21st and 22 st centuries is shocking, now that it’s a big deal to break up with the traditional parameters of beauty for establishing a new form of representation in art, fashion, mass media, architecture, etc. Hence we can see the triumph of the provocation inside the aesthetic of our times, a shock aesthetic.
NOte: This image was taken from the work of the fashion designer 'Alexander mc Queen'.
To specify more this reflection, I would like to write about the phenomenon of fashion as a transgression of different aspects related with the traditional way of perceiving the images from a contemplative way, promoted by art of paintings, sculptures and architecture during the 17 st and 18 st centuries with the beginning of museums, galleries and academic institutions of art, until a new idea of entertaining as a consequence of the apparition of a new aesthetic that has a relation with mass medias, publicity, design, fashion, art, etc. Every one of these areas shares their aesthetic concepts between them. No wonder fashion uses multiple references of the art context and vice-versa. That was the case of the exposition at the Museum of Antioquia, in Medellin, 2 years ago, with the exhibition of some clothes manufactured by Agatha Ruiz de la Prada.
Consequently, we are in a new period of time where museums and other art institutions exhibit other kind of production of images and objects that aren’t necessary conceive as art, in a traditional meaning. For that reason, we’re having new visual experiences closer with the idea of the evaporation of the traditional aesthetic of beauty to something more ephemeral, I mean, a new way of conceiving the aesthetic not in a restrictive way but an expanded vision where art takes ideas of the publicity, design, fashion and mass medias and vice – versa.
NOte:This image was taken from the work of the fashion designer 'Gareth Pugh'.
Due to those circumstances, fashion context is a new form of extravaganza and situationism that is constantly taken references of art to produce ephemeral and striking images like Gareth Pugh, Valentino, Alexander mc. Queen or Agatha Ruiz de la Prada use to do it. Both are successful fashion designers that are constantly exposing their clothes in museums and galleries as a new form of expression, closer with the new idea of art that started to conform during the last 20 years as an expanded aesthetic phenomenon. This is an example about how the aesthetic is changing in something nearest to the idea of shocking and entertaining. It’s like a new way of see art as a soft thing that is constantly changing.
NOte:This image was taken from the work of the fashion designer 'Valentino'.
In other words, the fashion aesthetic uses to change constantly in different products that make references of other visual contexts as we could see in the work of these fashion designers. The fashion aesthetic has a commercial aspect too, now that it produces artificial necessities. Furthermore, we’re in a society of consumption and for that reason, fashion is frequently creating stereotypes about personalities which confirm that is at the same time a politic matter.
If I say that fashion is a politic matter, is because it has the possibility to construct identities. On top of it, it works as an historic document to learn about the traditional ways of consumption of a particular age or period of our society. Fashion establishes the institution of consumption by the homogenization of the human appearances as a kind of simulacrum of liberty, now that the fashion machine is persistently selling the idea of freedom to use anything that you want to wear as a costumer but, in reality, it’s alienation because there are series of the same clothes that people begins to consume.
In fact, this phenomenon in fashion is known as a ‘prêt – a - porter’, which is a French expression that means ‘ready to buy it’. In other words, the ‘prêt – a - porter’ notion develops a new structure of fashion, basically producing the same clothes in series with the same materials and forms, I mean, the same manufacture, according with the demand of consumption. This is a simulacrum of democratization, but it’s nearer with some kind of alienation.
Note: Lady Gaga using a meat dress. This is the claim of uglyness in pop culture as a consequence of the promotion of a shock and provocative aesthetic. But, at the end, it's a copy of other referents of art.
In addition, fashion is in a constant ‘déjá vu’ because it usually re –takes elements that it was common on other periods and it comes back again. For example, when Lady Gaga came out with a meat dress for a musical event, specifically at the MTV Video Music Awards of 2010, that wasn’t something original because in 1987, a woman artist, Jana Sterback, made a performance using a dress made by putrid meat; that piece was called ‘Dress for an Albino Anorexic’. In our days, everything’s a copy of an imitation and fashion isn’t the exception.
Note:‘Dress for an Albino Anorexic', Jana Sterback. 1987.
The aesthetic of our days is a complex idea because it’s something that is constantly changing, imposing different values and qualities to define it. But, it could be possible to accept that the aesthetic of our 21st and 22 st centuries is shocking, now that it’s a big deal to break up with the traditional parameters of beauty for establishing a new form of representation in art, fashion, mass media, architecture, etc. Hence we can see the triumph of the provocation inside the aesthetic of our times, a shock aesthetic.
NOte: This image was taken from the work of the fashion designer 'Alexander mc Queen'.
To specify more this reflection, I would like to write about the phenomenon of fashion as a transgression of different aspects related with the traditional way of perceiving the images from a contemplative way, promoted by art of paintings, sculptures and architecture during the 17 st and 18 st centuries with the beginning of museums, galleries and academic institutions of art, until a new idea of entertaining as a consequence of the apparition of a new aesthetic that has a relation with mass medias, publicity, design, fashion, art, etc. Every one of these areas shares their aesthetic concepts between them. No wonder fashion uses multiple references of the art context and vice-versa. That was the case of the exposition at the Museum of Antioquia, in Medellin, 2 years ago, with the exhibition of some clothes manufactured by Agatha Ruiz de la Prada.
Consequently, we are in a new period of time where museums and other art institutions exhibit other kind of production of images and objects that aren’t necessary conceive as art, in a traditional meaning. For that reason, we’re having new visual experiences closer with the idea of the evaporation of the traditional aesthetic of beauty to something more ephemeral, I mean, a new way of conceiving the aesthetic not in a restrictive way but an expanded vision where art takes ideas of the publicity, design, fashion and mass medias and vice – versa.
NOte:This image was taken from the work of the fashion designer 'Gareth Pugh'.
Due to those circumstances, fashion context is a new form of extravaganza and situationism that is constantly taken references of art to produce ephemeral and striking images like Gareth Pugh, Valentino, Alexander mc. Queen or Agatha Ruiz de la Prada use to do it. Both are successful fashion designers that are constantly exposing their clothes in museums and galleries as a new form of expression, closer with the new idea of art that started to conform during the last 20 years as an expanded aesthetic phenomenon. This is an example about how the aesthetic is changing in something nearest to the idea of shocking and entertaining. It’s like a new way of see art as a soft thing that is constantly changing.
NOte:This image was taken from the work of the fashion designer 'Valentino'.
In other words, the fashion aesthetic uses to change constantly in different products that make references of other visual contexts as we could see in the work of these fashion designers. The fashion aesthetic has a commercial aspect too, now that it produces artificial necessities. Furthermore, we’re in a society of consumption and for that reason, fashion is frequently creating stereotypes about personalities which confirm that is at the same time a politic matter.
If I say that fashion is a politic matter, is because it has the possibility to construct identities. On top of it, it works as an historic document to learn about the traditional ways of consumption of a particular age or period of our society. Fashion establishes the institution of consumption by the homogenization of the human appearances as a kind of simulacrum of liberty, now that the fashion machine is persistently selling the idea of freedom to use anything that you want to wear as a costumer but, in reality, it’s alienation because there are series of the same clothes that people begins to consume.
In fact, this phenomenon in fashion is known as a ‘prêt – a - porter’, which is a French expression that means ‘ready to buy it’. In other words, the ‘prêt – a - porter’ notion develops a new structure of fashion, basically producing the same clothes in series with the same materials and forms, I mean, the same manufacture, according with the demand of consumption. This is a simulacrum of democratization, but it’s nearer with some kind of alienation.
Note: Lady Gaga using a meat dress. This is the claim of uglyness in pop culture as a consequence of the promotion of a shock and provocative aesthetic. But, at the end, it's a copy of other referents of art.
In addition, fashion is in a constant ‘déjá vu’ because it usually re –takes elements that it was common on other periods and it comes back again. For example, when Lady Gaga came out with a meat dress for a musical event, specifically at the MTV Video Music Awards of 2010, that wasn’t something original because in 1987, a woman artist, Jana Sterback, made a performance using a dress made by putrid meat; that piece was called ‘Dress for an Albino Anorexic’. In our days, everything’s a copy of an imitation and fashion isn’t the exception.
Note:‘Dress for an Albino Anorexic', Jana Sterback. 1987.
Transportation in the future by Juan Esteban
Every year spent 36 billion gallons of fuel in traffic jams. Car accidents cost hundreds of billions of dollars. And by the year 2020 it is expected that the number of airline passengers will double to reach the 7000 millions around the world.
Only in the United States, and according to the Insurance Information Institute, road accidents in this country represent a loss of $ 230 billion a year. In Europe the figure is 160 billion euros. In Argentina, the economic losses as a result of chaotic traffic and collisions, amounting to U.S. $ 10,000 million annually.
But how to solve this, is the million dollar question. "With more roads and cars safer? Professionals believe that technological advances will play a major role in the imminent future.
The cars will have driver assistance technologies, which allow cars to develop a behavior as if they have 'reflexes'.
In the future is also expected to be able to pass information from one phone to another, from one palm to another, ie, the cars will be able to exchange data between them, and contact devices that road infrastructure. In short, each unit may undertake 'remedial' when appropriate and provide essential feedback to drivers.
What's Next
Some of the innovations of the future transport are:
* The birth of a new system, either by area or land. Just as there is a technology that warns how long it takes a bus to reach their destination, travelers can also receive alerts on delays of trains and buses on your mobile phone.
* Using sensors, GPS and communications technology in cars, will be sent alerts of delays or be alerted if an alternative route is more convenient. These systems allow programmers to make corrections in real time road, which will make the stacking of groups ("bus bunching" in American parlance) in history.
* The cities will find the solution to congestion. The transition will speed through intelligent systems, adjustments will be made in real time at traffic lights to ease congestion and free up roads for ambulances, fire trucks or other emergency. New technologies provide information to drivers about the best routes to avoid driving and parking in peak periods. Thus, highways and main streets are safe, and air will be cleaner.
What they said less, it appears that the future is just around the corner. And it throbs and it breathes. Just a matter of letting go.
Only in the United States, and according to the Insurance Information Institute, road accidents in this country represent a loss of $ 230 billion a year. In Europe the figure is 160 billion euros. In Argentina, the economic losses as a result of chaotic traffic and collisions, amounting to U.S. $ 10,000 million annually.
But how to solve this, is the million dollar question. "With more roads and cars safer? Professionals believe that technological advances will play a major role in the imminent future.
The cars will have driver assistance technologies, which allow cars to develop a behavior as if they have 'reflexes'.
In the future is also expected to be able to pass information from one phone to another, from one palm to another, ie, the cars will be able to exchange data between them, and contact devices that road infrastructure. In short, each unit may undertake 'remedial' when appropriate and provide essential feedback to drivers.
What's Next
Some of the innovations of the future transport are:
* The birth of a new system, either by area or land. Just as there is a technology that warns how long it takes a bus to reach their destination, travelers can also receive alerts on delays of trains and buses on your mobile phone.
* Using sensors, GPS and communications technology in cars, will be sent alerts of delays or be alerted if an alternative route is more convenient. These systems allow programmers to make corrections in real time road, which will make the stacking of groups ("bus bunching" in American parlance) in history.
* The cities will find the solution to congestion. The transition will speed through intelligent systems, adjustments will be made in real time at traffic lights to ease congestion and free up roads for ambulances, fire trucks or other emergency. New technologies provide information to drivers about the best routes to avoid driving and parking in peak periods. Thus, highways and main streets are safe, and air will be cleaner.
What they said less, it appears that the future is just around the corner. And it throbs and it breathes. Just a matter of letting go.
The Future of communications.
I think to the future of communications will be amazing and will be fun with new advances to improve de life.
I guess that in the future will desappear the Radio, tv, News papers, because the bigger´s companies the internet will buy all kind of bussines the digitalización, it will better than earth plataform . In the future the plataform virtual will be common in the life of any person, you might to buy and sell dreams, experince, and replicate reality, you may have several life.
With the plataform virtual you might have more time because you will have the informations in seconds; the new advances will be directed directly to the senses and órgans to find the satifaccion quicly.
By. Omar Bolaños
I guess that in the future will desappear the Radio, tv, News papers, because the bigger´s companies the internet will buy all kind of bussines the digitalización, it will better than earth plataform . In the future the plataform virtual will be common in the life of any person, you might to buy and sell dreams, experince, and replicate reality, you may have several life.
With the plataform virtual you might have more time because you will have the informations in seconds; the new advances will be directed directly to the senses and órgans to find the satifaccion quicly.
By. Omar Bolaños
My description about myself
I´m a psychedelic rabbit with a body of a human being. I´m a tall chubby rabbit. I´m 26 years old. I have an oval face. I have two large fluffy white and pink ears. I have a short black beard and moustache. I have small dark brown eyes. I have a wide nose. I have some wrinkles and scars in my face, but it looks sexy I think… I have some small black birthmarks in my face, too. My skin is rough. I have thick black eyebrows. I have a big mouth with thick lips. I´m not an attractive guy, but I´m a rabbit and that´s more important after all.
Preposition
This is not an asigment but it coul be great help to improve our english....
http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/prepositions.htm
http://www.inglestotal.com/prepositions-of-place-on-in-at-preposiciones-de-lugar-en-ingles-on-in-at-lesson-9
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preposition_and_postposition
http://www.shertonenglish.com/resources/es/prepositions.php
Alejandra saldarriaga
http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/prepositions.htm
http://www.inglestotal.com/prepositions-of-place-on-in-at-preposiciones-de-lugar-en-ingles-on-in-at-lesson-9
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preposition_and_postposition
http://www.shertonenglish.com/resources/es/prepositions.php
Alejandra saldarriaga
Sunday, May 8, 2011
Future of "Fashion"
In the future the anime and the videogames will be more popular than they're now, (and they are very popular already) and the people all over the world will use the clothes of the anime and videogame's characters
The people will use big jackets, will have very long hair (even white hair),big gloves and weird pants. All the people'll have to order their clothes because they'll be unique.
All the people will mimic their favorite character, copying their clothes and even the personality, and this'll be something terrible, because people will lose their originality, but even now days, a lot of people lose their orginality because they are "led by" the clothes other people wear and to be in fashion they begin to use the same clothes
This kind of clothes will be special for the weather, because it'll adapted to it with just a tought, your clothes will change of material if you want, they'll be conect with your mind!!! it'll be awesome!!!.
The anime and videogame's clothe will be the next generation in fashion!
By: Javier Ruiz
The people will use big jackets, will have very long hair (even white hair),big gloves and weird pants. All the people'll have to order their clothes because they'll be unique.
All the people will mimic their favorite character, copying their clothes and even the personality, and this'll be something terrible, because people will lose their originality, but even now days, a lot of people lose their orginality because they are "led by" the clothes other people wear and to be in fashion they begin to use the same clothes
This kind of clothes will be special for the weather, because it'll adapted to it with just a tought, your clothes will change of material if you want, they'll be conect with your mind!!! it'll be awesome!!!.
The anime and videogame's clothe will be the next generation in fashion!
By: Javier Ruiz
Describing People.
Myself
I'm Javier Ruiz and i'm 17.
I'm medium hight or kind of short, I'm slim.
I have white skin with birthmarks
I have short straight black hair.
I have oval face, oval and green eyes, i have birthmarks on my face.
I have a crocked nose, thin black eyebrowns and i have thin lips.
Sephiroth.
He is Sephiroth. He is tall, medium weight.
He has a long straight white hair, he is around his 30's.
He has large face, and wide light eyes,thin white eyebrowns, he has wide lips, He is muscular he is the antagonist of a videogame, and he looks like japanese x)
By: Javier RUiz
I'm Javier Ruiz and i'm 17.
I'm medium hight or kind of short, I'm slim.
I have white skin with birthmarks
I have short straight black hair.
I have oval face, oval and green eyes, i have birthmarks on my face.
I have a crocked nose, thin black eyebrowns and i have thin lips.
Sephiroth.
He is Sephiroth. He is tall, medium weight.
He has a long straight white hair, he is around his 30's.
He has large face, and wide light eyes,thin white eyebrowns, he has wide lips, He is muscular he is the antagonist of a videogame, and he looks like japanese x)
By: Javier RUiz
Katy Perry
She is Katty Perry. She is a Singer, she is average height and fit, she is a pretty woman, she has oval face, she is in her 20`s, she has long wave black hair, she has White skin, she has round green eyes, she has thick eyebrows, she has pointed nose, she ahs thick lips, she has long curly eyelashes, she has pretty smile, she is blue.
By: Omar Bolaños.
By: Omar Bolaños.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)